What does ethnocentrism mean?

Ethnocentrism refers to the tendency to view the world primarily from the perspective of one's own culture, leading to the belief that one's own cultural norms and practices are superior to those of other cultures. This mindset often results in judging other societies based on the biases and values of one's own culture, which can create misunderstandings and reinforce stereotypes.

In the context of the provided choices, the first option encapsulates this definition accurately by highlighting the aspect of judgment based on cultural bias. Such a viewpoint can hinder cultural appreciation and increase divisions between different groups, as it may dismiss the value and validity of diverse cultural practices.

The other options, while important concepts in cultural studies, do not align with the definition of ethnocentrism. Promoting global diversity emphasizes respect and inclusion, understanding different cultural practices advocates for open-mindedness and learning, and collaborating across cultures focuses on cooperation and mutual respect. These would stand in contrast to the exclusivity inherent in ethnocentrism.